Environmental mainstreaming in road construction works in Uganda: a case study of Busia District

Abstract

This study examined the integration of environmental considerations into road construction projects in Busia District, focusing on Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), Envi-ronmental Management Plans (EMPs), and stakeholder engagement and participation. This study employed a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of environmental mainstreaming in road construction projects. The convergent parallel design allowed for the collection and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the research context. This approach enabled the triangulation of findings, enhancing the validity and credibility of the results. The study showed that despite significant progress in raising awareness and employing diverse strategies, challenges persist, including limited resources, capacity constraints, and ineffective stakeholder engagement. To overcome these challenges, the study highlights the importance of enhancing institutional capacity, strengthening regulatory frameworks, fostering inclusive stakeholder engagement, and ensuring effective communication and collaboration. These strategies are important for effective integration of environmental aspects into road construction projects in Uganda. The study recommends integrating environmental considerations into project design and planning, building technical capacity for those involved in monitoring EMPs and training for stakeholders, allocating sufficient resources for environmental management, and encouraging community-centric strategies (e.g., employing local residents in project-related jobs, implementing resettlement action-plans (RAPs), community-led environmental conservation initiatives, etc.) and local ownership. By adopting these recommendations, road construction projects in Busia District can promote sustainable development and minimize environmental degradation. By highlighting the importance of effective stakeholder engagement, institutional capacity building, and community-centric approaches, this study provides valuable insights into promoting sustainable and socially responsive road construction outcomes. The findings of this study have significant implications for policy makers, practitioners, and researchers working in environmental mainstreaming and infrastructure development.